What is API Security? - Explanation & Meaning
Learn what API security is, how to secure APIs with authentication, rate limiting, and input validation, and why the OWASP API Security Top 10 matters.
Definition
API security encompasses the measures and best practices for protecting Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) from abuse, unauthorized access, and attacks. Since APIs form the backbone of modern software architecture, their security is critical.
Technical explanation
The OWASP API Security Top 10 identifies the most critical API vulnerabilities, including Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA), Broken Authentication, and Excessive Data Exposure. API authentication is typically handled via API keys, OAuth 2.0, or JWT tokens. Rate limiting restricts the number of requests per time unit to prevent brute-force attacks and abuse. Input validation checks and sanitizes all incoming data to prevent injection attacks. Schema validation with OpenAPI/Swagger specifications enforces correct request formats. CORS policies (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) restrict which domains can make API requests. API gateways centralize security policies, logging, and monitoring. TLS encryption protects data in transit. API versioning and deprecation policies prevent outdated, insecure endpoints from remaining in use. Security logging and real-time monitoring detect suspicious patterns such as unusual traffic spikes or sequential ID enumeration.
How MG Software applies this
At MG Software, API security is a core component of every project. We implement OAuth 2.0 or JWT authentication, rate limiting, and input validation as standard. Our APIs are developed following an OpenAPI specification with strict schema validation. We conduct security reviews against the OWASP API Security Top 10 and monitor API traffic for suspicious patterns. API keys are securely managed and rotated.
Practical examples
- A payment platform implementing OAuth 2.0 with scopes so third parties only have access to specific payment data the user has consented to.
- An API gateway that applies rate limiting of 100 requests per minute per API key and automatically escalates suspicious patterns to the security team.
- A healthcare API that applies strict input validation and schema validation, rejecting invalid patient data before it reaches the business logic.
Related terms
Frequently asked questions
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Security Audit Template - Free Download & Example
Download our free security audit template. Includes OWASP Top 10 checklist, penetration test scope, vulnerability reporting and remediation plan. Secure your application.