What is SSL/TLS? - Definition & Meaning
Learn what SSL/TLS is, how HTTPS encryption works, why it is essential for security and SEO, and how Let's Encrypt offers free certificates.
Definition
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that secure communication over the internet. TLS is the successor to SSL and ensures data is transmitted encrypted between browser and server.
Technical explanation
The TLS handshake begins when a client connects to a server. With TLS 1.3 (the current standard), this is simplified to a single roundtrip: the client sends a ClientHello with supported cipher suites and key shares, the server responds with the chosen cipher and its certificate. Asymmetric encryption (RSA or ECDHE) is used for key exchange, after which symmetric encryption (AES-256-GCM) secures the actual data traffic. Certificates are issued by Certificate Authorities (CAs) that verify the domain owner's identity. Let's Encrypt provides free Domain Validation (DV) certificates via the ACME protocol with automatic renewal. Extended Validation (EV) certificates require more extensive identity verification. HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) forces browsers to always use HTTPS. Certificate Transparency Logs provide public oversight of issued certificates. OCSP Stapling improves certificate validation performance. TLS 1.3 removed deprecated cipher suites and offers 0-RTT resumption for repeated connections.
How MG Software applies this
At MG Software, HTTPS is standard for all websites and applications we build. Through Vercel and Cloudflare, SSL/TLS certificates are automatically configured and renewed. We implement HSTS headers and ensure correct HTTP-to-HTTPS redirects. This protects the data of our clients and their users while improving Google rankings.
Practical examples
- An online store installing a free SSL certificate via Let's Encrypt, ensuring customer data and payment information are transmitted encrypted and the padlock icon appears in the browser.
- A corporate portal implementing HSTS so browsers always load the secure HTTPS version, even when a user types http://.
- An API service using mutual TLS (mTLS) where both client and server present certificates for mutual authentication between microservices.
Related terms
Frequently asked questions
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